Irrotational Binary Neutron Stars in Quasiequilibrium in General Relativity

Neutron stars in binary orbit emit gravitational waves and spiral slowly together. During this inspiral, they are expected to have very little vorticity. It is in fact a good approximation to treat the system as having zero vorticity, i.e., as irrotational. Because the orbital period is much shorter than the radiation reaction time scale, it is also an excellent approximation to treat the system as evolving through a sequence of equilibrium states, in each of which the gravitational radiation is neglected. In Newtonian gravity, one can simplify the hydrodynamic equations considerably for an equilibrium irrotational binary by introducing a velocity potential. The equations reduce to a Poisson-like equation for the potential, and a Bernoulli-type integral for the density. We show that a similar simplification can be carried out in general relativity. The resulting equations are much easier to solve than other formulations of the problem.Comment: 14 pages, AASTeX, accepted in ApJ. Simplified final form of equation (eq. 52). Added Shibata re

On quantization of weakly nonlinear lattices. Envelope solitons

A way of quantizing weakly nonlinear lattices is proposed. It is based on introducing "pseudo-field" operators. In the new formalism quantum envelope solitons together with phonons are regarded as elementary quasi-particles making up boson gas. In the classical limit the excitations corresponding to frequencies above linear cut-off frequency are reduced to conventional envelope solitons. The approach allows one to identify the quantum soliton which is localized in space and understand existence of a narrow soliton frequency band.Comment: 5 pages. Phys. Rev. E (to appear

Self-consistent nonlinear kinetic simulations of the anomalous Doppler instability of suprathermal electrons in plasmas

Suprathermal tails in the distributions of electron velocities parallel to the magnetic field are found in many areas of plasma physics, from magnetic confinement fusion to solar system plasmas. Parallel electron kinetic energy can be transferred into plasma waves and perpendicular gyration energy of particles through the anomalous Doppler instability (ADI), provided that energetic electrons with parallel velocities v ≥ (ω + Ωce )/k are present; here Ωce denotes electron cyclotron frequency, ω the wave angular frequency and k the component of wavenumber parallel to the magnetic field. This phenomenon is widely observed in tokamak plasmas. Here we present the first fully self-consistent relativistic particle-in-cell simulations of the ADI, spanning the linear and nonlinear regimes of the ADI. We test the robustness of the analytical theory in the linear regime and follow the ADI through to the steady state. By directly evaluating the parallel and perpendicular dynamical contributions to j · E in the simulations, we follow the energy transfer between the excited waves and the bulk and tail electron populations for the first time. We find that the ratio Ωce /(ωpe + Ωce ) of energy transfer between parallel and perpendicular, obtained from linear analysis, does not apply when damping is fully included, when we find it to be ωpe /(ωpe + Ωce ); here ωpe denotes the electron plasma frequency. We also find that the ADI can arise beyond the previously expected range of plasma parameters, in particular when Ωce > ωpe . The simulations also exhibit a spectral feature which may correspond to observations of suprathermal narrowband emission at ωpe detected from low density tokamak plasmas

Surface response of spherical core-shell structured nanoparticle by optically induced elastic oscillations of soft shell against hard core

The optically induced oscillatory response of a spherical two-component, shell-core structured, nanoparticle by nodeless elastic vibrations of soft peripheral shell against hard and dynamically immobile inner core is considered. The eigenfrequencies of the even-parity, spheroidal and odd-parity torsional vibrational modes trapped in the finite-depth shell are obtained which are of practical interest for modal specification of individual resonances in spectra of resonant scattering of long wavelength electromagnetic waves by ultrafine particles.Comment: Surface Review and Letters (World Scientific) Year: 2009 Vol: 16 Issue: 1 (February 2009) Page: 5 - 1

Analysis of noise-induced transitions from regular to chaotic oscillations in the Chen system

The stochastically perturbed Chen system is studied within the parameter region which permits both regular and chaotic oscillations. As noise intensity increases and passes some threshold value, noise-induced hopping between close portions of the stochastic cycle can be observed. Through these transitions, the stochastic cycle is deformed to be a stochastic attractor that looks like chaotic. In this paper for investigation of these transitions, a constructive method based on the stochastic sensitivity function technique with confidence ellipses is suggested and discussed in detail. Analyzing a mutual arrangement of these ellipses, we estimate the threshold noise intensity corresponding to chaotization of the stochastic attractor. Capabilities of this geometric method for detailed analysis of the noise-induced hopping which generates chaos are demonstrated on the stochastic Chen system. © 2012 American Institute of Physics

How did the discussion go: Discourse act classification in social media conversations

We propose a novel attention based hierarchical LSTM model to classify discourse act sequences in social media conversations, aimed at mining data from online discussion using textual meanings beyond sentence level. The very uniqueness of the task is the complete categorization of possible pragmatic roles in informal textual discussions, contrary to extraction of question-answers, stance detection or sarcasm identification which are very much role specific tasks. Early attempt was made on a Reddit discussion dataset. We train our model on the same data, and present test results on two different datasets, one from Reddit and one from Facebook. Our proposed model outperformed the previous one in terms of domain independence; without using platform-dependent structural features, our hierarchical LSTM with word relevance attention mechanism achieved F1-scores of 71\% and 66\% respectively to predict discourse roles of comments in Reddit and Facebook discussions. Efficiency of recurrent and convolutional architectures in order to learn discursive representation on the same task has been presented and analyzed, with different word and comment embedding schemes. Our attention mechanism enables us to inquire into relevance ordering of text segments according to their roles in discourse. We present a human annotator experiment to unveil important observations about modeling and data annotation. Equipped with our text-based discourse identification model, we inquire into how heterogeneous non-textual features like location, time, leaning of information etc. play their roles in charaterizing online discussions on Facebook

Parton distributions in a constituent quark scenario

A simple picture of the constituent quark as a composite system of point-like partons is used to construct the unpolarized and polarized parton distributions by a convolution between constituent quark momentum distributions and constituent quark structure functions. We achieve good agreement with experiments in the unpolarized, as well as, in the polarized case. When our results are compared with similar calculations using non-composite constituent quarks, the accord with the experiments of the present scheme is impressive. We conclude that DIS data are consistent with a low energy scenario dominated by composite constituents of the nucleon.Comment: 4 pages; latex using espcrc1.sty; 4 postscript figures; Invited talk at the Workshop ``Nucleon '99'', Frascati; Italy 7-9 June 1999. Submitted to Nuc. Phys.

Wave Excitation in Disks Around Rotating Magnetic Stars

The accretion disk around a rotating magnetic star (neutron star, white dwarf or T Tauri star) is subjected to periodic vertical magnetic forces from the star, with the forcing frequency equal to the stellar spin frequency or twice the spin frequency. This gives rise bending waves in the disk that may influence the variabilities of the system. We study the excitation, propagation and dissipation of these waves using a hydrodynamical model coupled with a generic model description of the magnetic forces. The $m=1$ bending waves are excited at the Lindblad/vertical resonance, and propagate either to larger radii or inward toward the corotation resonance where dissipation takes place. While the resonant torque is negligible compared to the accretion torque, the wave nevertheless may reach appreciable amplitude and can cause or modulate flux variabilities from the system. We discuss applications of our result to the observed quasi-periodic oscillations from various systems, in particular neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries.Comment: Small changes/clarifications. To be published in ApJ, Aug.20,2008 issu

Dynamics of a map with power-law tail

We analyze a one-dimensional piecewise continuous discrete model proposed originally in studies on population ecology. The map is composed of a linear part and a power-law decreasing piece, and has three parameters. The system presents both regular and chaotic behavior. We study numerically and, in part, analytically different bifurcation structures. Particularly interesting is the description of the abrupt transition order-to-chaos mediated by an attractor made of an infinite number of limit cycles with only a finite number of different periods. It is shown that the power-law piece in the map is at the origin of this type of bifurcation. The system exhibits interior crises and crisis-induced intermittency.Comment: 28 pages, 17 figure